Njengoba isenzo esikhulu sokuphatha ekwenzeni kwezindawo zokwenza okusezingeni eliphezulu, izinto ezithuthukisa izici zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama zezikhwama 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ivalvu yokukhulula ngokwezinye; izici zokwenza; isicelo sokukhulula; usuhamba lwesikweletu; ukulawula

Izinkomba zokukhanya zezikhwama zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezemvelo, i-chemical, i-elekthriki nezinye izifunda zezomnotho. Njengoba isenzakalo ezikhokhelwayo ezisebenzisa izinto zokwenza okuzimele ezindaweni zezomnotho, ukusebenza kwesikhwama sokukhanya kungase kube nomthelela olusezingeni eliphezulu kwiqiniso lokukhokhelwa kweprosesu kanye nokusebenza okulungile kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezikhungo. Ngo iminyaka eminingi evela, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sezobuchwepheshe sezomnotho, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezikhwama zokukhanya zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo ezifana nokuprecise, nokuphendulwa okuphelele kanye nokhululwa kwangaphandle.

Izinkomba zokuthola izenzo zikhipha izenzo kusistimu yokukhuluma ngokwezifiso ngezinkampani zokukhuluma kanye nokuphatha isivikelo sezenzo ukuze kwenze ukulungiswa, ukuphila noma ukushisa kwesakhiwo. Izinto ezinzima zazo zihlanganisa izinkampani zezikhothane, izinkampani zokulungisa, izinhlobo zokubuyisela izenzo kanye nezindlela zokukhuluma. Izici ezithuthukile zezivikelo zikhangayo zikhona kusistimu yizinkampani zokulungisa okuyinto isebenzisa isikhathi eside ekuthuthukiseni kwemibuzo yokuthola, ukulungisa kanye nokwakhiwa phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu.

Ukubonisa okwenziweyo kwe-electric control valve kubonakala ngokuphelele kusukela ekuphathweni kwesignali sokuphatha kwezindlela yokuvula kwesivulekile. Ekuphathweni lokhu, isidi esibonakalayo sokuqhubeka kwe-actuator, isikhala somshini, isithuthukiso somthwalo we-valve body kanye nezimo ezithile zomqondo zizosiza kwenza kube nomthelela omuhle we-regulating valve. Izici ezithile zokwenza kube nomthelela zinamathiselwe:

Isikhathi sokuphendula: Isikhathi kusukela lapho ivalvu ilandela isilinganiso kuya kufika ekhaya kusuka ekhaya kuyinto isici esibalulekile sokusebenza kwe-ivalvu yokuphatha.

I-Overshoot ne-oscillation: Ngesikhathi sokwenza ukulungiswa kwevalvu, ukuphendula okudingayo kungenzela ukuthi kube nokulungiswa okuphambene noma okuphambene, okwenza kube nokulungiswa kwesistimu.

Isikhathi sokulungiswa: Isikhathi esidinga ukuba isistimu ishintshwe. Isikhathi esingathintwa sokulungiswa kuzoba nokulawula okungenamkhawulo kwesistimu.

Uhlobo lwesicubekile: Ukusebenza kwe-actuator yeelekthirikhi kwenza kube kuhlelwe ngokwenza ngokwezifundo zezinto zokwenza i-valve yokulawula. Ii-actuators ezinomsebenzi zinamandla ezikhoyo zinikeza i-stepper motors, i-servo motors, njll. Ngenxa yezinhlamvu zazo zokulawula okuncane kanye nokuphendula ngokwesibili, i-servo motors zinceda kakhulu kwiindlela ezifuna ukwenza ngokwezifundo eziningi.

Umbono wokudala kwesitayela: Umbono wokudala kwesitayela, njengoba isilwane sesitayela, isakhiwo sesitayela kanye nokwenza kwesango, kuyathinta ngokwanele izimo zokufaka kwesitayela kanye nokusebenza kwesitayela. Ama-valve anezitho ezithile zinamathuba amaningi emiphumela yazo ekwenzeni izimo zokufaka okuphakathi okuphakathi noma okuphakathi.

Isistimu yokubhekwa kwamakhophi: Isistimu esemqoka yesiphelo sokubhekwa okuphezulu ikwazi ukulungisa ukuvulela komkhomba ngosizo lokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo ukuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona 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okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi kube khona okwenzakalayo nokuthi

Ukuze kufunde izimo zokwenza izinto zezokuhamba zezivikele ezikhangayo, le nkulumo ithandazela indlela yokwenza isistimu yesayithi yesayithi ethandwa okwenziweyo okwenza ukufunda ukuphendula okuphambili kwevalvu phakathi kwezimo zokuphansi, ukushisa nokuphela. Isicelo sesayithi sisebenzisa isikhundla esiphila se-CHNLGVF丨中國大乾洋貿丨China Dagangyangmao, futhi kwakhiwa ukulinganisa kwemisebenzi yezikhuseli ezahlukene (amamothi asteppa kanye namamothi aservo).

Isikhathi sokuphendula: Isikhathi sokuphendula sesivale esebenziswa ngomthwalo wemoto we-servo kuyadinga kakhulu kunalesi sivale esebenziswa ngomthwalo we-stepper. Ngokwesibonelo ekuphenduleni kwemisebenzi yokushintshana okuphakathi, imoto we-servo ikhombisa izinto ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukuphinda nokuphenduka: Uma isivikelo somsebenzisi isheshile kakhulu, kuyaphinda nokuphenduka, futhi kuyaphenduka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwenza isenzo sokulungisa kwemedia eningi. Ngenxa yokuqinisekisa amaparamitha okukhethwa kwamandla okulungisa, leli phephenomenon yokuphinda kuyadingeka kube yinto esingakwazi ukuyeka.

Ukuthula kwamathuba: Ngaphansi kwemithombo yamanzi amandla angaphezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi okuphakathi, ukuthula kwesivikelo sevalvu kungathathwa kahle kakhulu. Ukwenza kube kuhle kwamaparamitha okukhetha izimo zesivikelo sevalvu kanye ne-actuator kuyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ukuthula.

Ngenxa yokuthola nokuchaza, isitshalo sokwenza kube semthethweni okwenziwe kwezinto zokugcina zokushintsha kwezinto zokushintsha kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwezinto kwe

Inhlanganisela isicelo sokwenza: Ukusebenzisa isicelo esingaphansi kakhulu sokwenza okuphambene okwenziwe ngokwezinzuzo ukuze kwenzeke ukulungiswa kwesistimu ngokwezinzuzo kanye nokwakha okuphambene. Ngokuthi, ukwenza inhlanganisela kungase kwenzeke ukuphenduka okuphambene kanye nokuphenduka kwesistimu futhi kwenzeke ukulungiswa kwesimo esinamandla.

I-Adaptive control algorithm: Ngokwesibonelo kwezinkinga ezahlukene zezintuthuko zezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza, kuyinto isisindo sokwenza isicelo sokusebenza esinikezwa, okuyadingeka ukwenza izilungiselelo zeziphakamiso zokusebenza ngokwesikhathi esizayo ukuze kwenzeke ukuthi isebenze kahle nokusebenza komqondo womkhumbi.

Ukuze sifunde kahle izimo zokwenza izinto zomoya zezikhiqizo zezikhiqizo zezikhiqizo, le nkulumo ikhetha indlela yokwenza isimulasyoni esikhathini eside ekwenzeni i-CFD (izifundo zomoya zomphakathi) kanye ne-FEM (ukufunda okugcwele kwezikhali) ukuze kwenze isimulasyoni esikhathini eside sokuphendula isikhathi somoya sezikhiqizo phakathi kwemigomo yokwenza izinto zomoya kanye nezimo zezinkampani ezahlukene.

Leli phepha lishintsha umodeli wokusimula otholakala kwezindawo ezintathu zokushintsha isivalo esiqinile, ekwenzekeni ukusimula izimo zezulu zezinto kanye nokunyakaza kwesimo sezinto ngesikhathi sokuvula isivalo. Izimo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa ekusimuleni zingase ziqondiswe nezimo zokufunda ezithile, ekwenzeni kube nokwenzeka kwemiphumela yosimula.

Izimo zomzimba: Uma umzimba ezimisele ekupheleni kwevalvu, kuzojwayelekile izimo zokufudumala ezinzima. Ukufudumala okukhulu kwamanzi ekupheleni kwevalvu kuyadinga ukuthi kwenze impilo yomzimba ibe yimpumelelo.

Ukukhukumisa kwesimo: Ukunquma kwamanzi okuphakathi kungakwenza ukukhukumisa okuncane kwesiqalo sokuvala, okuzoba nokunquma okuphakathi kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ukuphendula okuncane kwesivalo. Ukwenza kube kuhle kwezinto zokuphakama zesivalo kanye nokudala kwezimo kungakwenzeka ukukhuthaza ukukhukumisa nokuthuthukisa ukulungiselela.

Ngenxa kokulungiswa kwesimo, le nkulumo ithatha iziphakamiso zokwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo somkhumbi, okuyinto ukulungisa isakhiwo somkhumbi esikhulu, ukucacisa ukuxhumana kwesango, futhi ukulungisa ukukhanya kwesakhiwo, ukuze kube kube lula ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhulula isakhiwo.

Ngokwemvelo yalokhu okufanele kwenziwe kanye nokuhlola okuphelele, le nkulumo iyathumela isicelo sokwakha isicelo sokwakha sokuthuthukisa isicelo sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuthukisa sokuthuth

Imoto yokuphatha enkulu: Ukungenisa imoto yokuphatha enkulu yokuphatha kwenkulu kwenza kube kuhle ukwethembeka kanye nokuphatha okuphezulu kwesakhiwo ekwenzeni kube kuncishiswa kwamandla ngenhloso yokusebenza.

Umbono wokwenza okuhlobene: Hlela izenzakalo zokwenza okuhlobene ngokwesidingo esikhathini sokusebenza esikhathini, ukuze zingakhetha okuhlobene ngokwenzelwa okwenziwe ngokwenzeka kanye nezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza ezithandwa kakhulu.

Izilungiselela isiphetho sevalvu kanye nokudala kwevalvu: Ngokulungiselela isiphetho sevalvu ishushu kanye nokudala kwevalvu, isiphetho sesimiso sihlanzekile futhi isantya sokuphendula kwesivikelo sevalvu siyatholakala.

Improve valve body material performance: Use high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials to enhance the stability and durability of the valve in high-pressure and high-temperature environments.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesuqukela esizimele: Ukulungiselela isistimu sokuqukela imininingwane ngokwezikhathi ezintsha ngezici zobungako bese uthuthukisa izici zokuphatha kwesuqukela ngokusebenzisa izilungiselelo zezombusazwe zokwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa kwesuqukela nokuphathwa kwalo.

Izithuthi zokusebenza ezinzima: Ngokwezinhlobo zokusebenza ezinzima, kuyathembisa ukuthi kuzoba khona izithuthi zokusebenza ezinzima ezithembisa okwenzayo, ezikhokhela ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo ngokwesimo esetshenziswayo futhi kufikelela ekulungiseni okuphambene kwezinhlobo zokusebenza.

Based on the research results of this article, CHNLGVF丨中國大乾洋貿 will implement the following improvements in the R&D and manufacturing process of control valves:

Ukuphathwa kwesayizi esisekelwe ngokusebenzisa isayizi esingaphansi kwe-actuator kanye ne-sistemu yokwenza okusezingeni eliphezulu kwenza kube nomsebenzi onzima we-valve yokwenza.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto nezindlela zokwenza, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi, eningi,

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo esisebenzisweni kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinto kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube kuhle kwezinto, kanye nokwenza kube 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Ngenxa yokufunda okuphezulu mayelana nezimo zokwenza okuhambisana kanye nezindlela zokuphatha izithombe zezimoto zezimoto, le nkulumo ithumele izindlela eziningi zokwakha imisebenzi yezokwenza okuhambisana kanye nokulawula okuphelele kwemvelo yezimoto CHNLGVF丨中國大乾洋貿 izinto zezimoto. Ngenxa yokuphatha okugcwele, okwenziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sezithombe, inkambo yezithombe ezisebenzisa izimoto ezikhiqizwa kwezomnotho kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni k